Statistical Inference

Statistical inference is the process of drawing conclusions about populations or scientific truths from data. There are many modes of performing inference including statistical modeling, data oriented strategies and explicit use of designs and randomization in analyses. Furthermore, there are broad theories (frequentists, Bayesian, likelihood, design based, …) and numerous complexities (missing data, observed and unobserved confounding, biases) for performing inference. A practitioner can often

• Understand how to draw conclusions from data
• Describe variability, distributions, and confidence intervals
• Use p-values, confidence intervals, and permutation tests
• Make informed decisions in data analysis

• Basic concepts in statistics and probability